Cell Membrane

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. Phospholipids consists of a somewhat circular phosphate group head, and two long, fatty acid chain tails.

·         The head region is said to be Hydrophilic and polar because it is water soluble, while the tail portions are hydrophobic and no polar because they are not water soluble.

Another Type of lipid that is found within the lipid bilayer is the Cholesterol Molecule. Cholesterol helps to maintain in fluid condition of the bilayer by breaking up the closely associated phospholipids.

Proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane carry out various cellular functions such as nutrient and energy transport and message transmission.

·         Integral Protein has the span if the entire width of the lipid bilayer and protrudes at both sides. They are used as channels through which ions and molecules can travel into and out of the cell.

·         Alpha Helix Protein extends through the membrane, and acts as a channel for nutrients entering the cytoplasm.

Glycoproteins consist of a protein with an attached carbohydrate. The carbohydrate molecules are involved in cell recognition as receptors, and they also aid in the cell’s adhesion to other cell.

Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition.